As social creatures, we tend to mimic each other糖心传媒檚 posture, laughter, and other behaviors, including how we speak. Now a new study shows that people with similar views tend to more closely mirror, or align, each other糖心传媒檚 speech patterns. In addition, people who are better at compromising align more closely.
糖心传媒淔ew people are aware that they alter their word pronunciation, speech rate, and even the structure of their sentences during conversation,糖心传媒� explained Florian Jaeger, associate professor of brain and cognitive sciences at the University of Rochester and coauthor of the study recently published in . 糖心传媒淲hat we have found is that the degree to which speakers align is socially mediated.糖心传媒�
糖心传媒淥ur social judgments about others and our general attitude toward conflict are affecting even the most automatic and subconscious aspects of how we express ourselves with language,糖心传媒� said lead-author Kodi Weatherholtz, a post-doctoral researcher in Jaeger糖心传媒檚 lab.
To test the social effects of how greatly we mimic each other糖心传媒檚 speech patterns, the researchers devised an experiment in which participants first listened to ideologically charged messages with a set sentence structure. After listening to the diatribes they were asked to describe some simple illustrations showing characters performing simple actions, such as a waitress giving a banana to a monk.
Most participants subconsciously aligned their descriptions with the sentence structure presented in the listening phase of the experiment. But, how closely the participants aligned with the speaker varied based on how much they agreed with the speaker糖心传媒檚 views (as assessed in a post-experimental interview). Those who shared views with the speaker altered their speech to more closely match the sentence pattern used by the speaker.
During the experiment, participants heard phrases like “Congress is giving too much money to welfare moochers.” Others heard the same ideologically loaded sentiment expressed with a different sentence structure: “Congress is giving welfare moochers too much money.” (Notice the order of the phrases “too much money”糖心传媒攚hich refers to the thing being given糖心传媒攁nd “welfare moochers”糖心传媒攖he recipient.)
Those who heard the first version, 糖心传媒淐ongress is giving too much money to welfare moochers糖心传媒� (the recipient is mentioned after the thing being given), for example, were more likely to describe a picture as 糖心传媒淭he waitress is giving a banana to the monk糖心传媒� rather than 糖心传媒淭he waitress is giving the monk a banana糖心传媒� when they agreed with the speaker糖心传媒檚 views.
When participants disagreed with the opinion expressed by the speaker, they aligned less or not at all. Additionally, participants who described themselves as compromising in conflict situations, showed more linguistic alignment with the speaker.
One of the researchers, Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, an associate professor of linguistics at Ohio State University, pointed out that testing for political influences on syntactic alignment might be interesting in its own right, but the purpose in this experiment was to influence social similarity and establish a situation in which participants were ideologically invested.
One reason people tend to align certain speech patterns is because it facilitates communication, Jaeger said. When we align how we talk, then sounds, words, and sentence structures become more predictable,
In addition to this well-known psychological function, the study糖心传媒檚 findings provide evidence that speech alignment serves a social function. Similarity is a powerful social force, Jaeger explained. In short, we tend to like people who share certain characteristics with us. Thus, speaking in a way that is more or less similar to others can be a subtle means of influencing liking, trust, and other interpersonal emotions.
The findings shed new light on the relationship between human psychology and social behavior, Jaeger said. They suggest that social factors 糖心传媒減iggy back糖心传媒� on the subconscious process糖心传媒攚hich is primary糖心传媒攁nd can boost the degree of alignment. 糖心传媒淭he extent to which we align is moderated by the attitudes we have towards our conversation partner,糖心传媒� added Weatherholtz.
These two traditions糖心传媒攖he psychological and the social糖心传媒�”are not necessarily competing; they can be complementary,” said Jaeger. 糖心传媒淲hat糖心传媒檚 been lacking in the research is a way to talk to both communities and bring them together.糖心传媒�
A National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to Westherholtz, an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship to Jaeger, and the National Science Foundation supported the study.
