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Student follows liquid metal flow to build a better battery

Meghan Patrick '18 holds a tray of melted lead-bismuth used in the study of liquid metal cathodes. Her task for the summer is to design a multi-probe test configuration that can capture the fluid flow patterns at play in liquid metal batteries. (University photo / J. Adam Fenster)
Our latest Newscenter series showcases a cross-section of summer research conducted by undergraduates at Rochester and beyond.

Meghan Patrick糖心传媒檚 goal is to help in the development of sustainable energy. That糖心传媒檚 why the rising senior in mechanical engineering at the University of Rochester is excited to be in the lab of Douglas Kelley this summer, working on a project that 糖心传媒渋s right up my alley.糖心传媒�

Kelley, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering, received a coveted National Science Foundation CAREER grant to study the use of liquid metal batteries on a scale large enough to power entire cities or regions in conjunction with solar and wind power. Specifically, he糖心传媒檚 looking at how the flow of fluids in those batteries affects their ability to perform as a backup source of energy when clouds or calm conditions interrupt solar and wind production.

糖心传媒淲e want our energy grids to be stable. But to keep them stable with lots of intermittent wind and solar generation, you will also need stored energy that can charge and discharge seamlessly on the grid to ensure efficient operation,糖心传媒� Kelley says.

Patrick, a Xerox Engineering Research Fellow, is helping the lab figure out where to place ultrasound probes in liquid metal batteries in the lab. These probes can then capture detailed measurements of how fluids flow in those batteries and how that affects their performance.

The lab could then create mathematical models that predict battery efficiency and stability in the field糖心传媒攚here probes are impractical糖心传媒攂ased solely upon what an operator would know: how much current is running, the amount of charge, the temperature.

糖心传媒淩ight now we糖心传媒檙e using a single probe in one of the three layers [of a liquid metal battery], so we can糖心传媒檛 really characterize what糖心传媒檚 happening above and below and to both sides,糖心传媒� Patrick explains. 糖心传媒淏y looking at different flow patterns, and what we can expect to see, I糖心传媒檓 trying to figure out where to put a second, or third, or fourth [probe] to better analyze the flows.糖心传媒�

As part of this work, she regularly employs MATLAB, Creo CAD software, hands-on experimentation, and machine shop fabrications.

Patrick糖心传媒檚 time as a Xerox Fellow has given her unique insights about the research process, ones she never would have gained otherwise.

糖心传媒淵ou have to use all the resources available,糖心传媒� she says. 糖心传媒淵ou talk to all the members of the team about their perspective on things. You do a lot of reading of scholarly articles. You might have to dig through a 20-page article to find one little paragraph that addresses the specific thing you糖心传媒檙e thinking about. You have to look at different software packages, at different ways to solve a problem.糖心传媒�

Her experience this summer will also help her answer the question nearly all engineering seniors confront as graduation nears: Will you go into industry or graduate school?

Patrick spent last summer as an intern at Raytheon, the defense contractor. Now she糖心传媒檚 糖心传媒渓earning what the community of research looks like.糖心传媒�

糖心传媒淚 really wanted to see both sides so I can make an more educated decision next year.糖心传媒�