Couple other notes about this episode: In addition to听, Mark talks about听听by Rodrigo Fres谩n, and听听by Alex Higley.

And for anyone who’d like to listen to “Marcel’s Mix” while reading听Lesser Ruins, you can find it .

The music on this episode is “” by Felipe Gordon. (Also found on .)

If you don糖心传媒檛 already subscribe to the Three Percent Podcast you can find us on and other places. And follow and on Twitter/X for more info about upcoming episodes and guests.

And, at the very end, the book for Season 13糖心传媒攃oming Wednesday, September 9th糖心传媒攊s revealed! More information about the actual schedule will be available next week.

This week’s music lacks an Anna reference, but is maybe an allusion to Anna and Vronksy . . . It’s “” by Boat.

If you’d prefer to watch the conversation, you can find it on along with . More info on Season 13 coming soon.

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Be sure to order Brian’s book, , which is now officially available at better bookstores everywhere thanks to BOA Editions.

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This week’s musical Anna reference comes from Neutral Milk Hotel’s “.”

And again, if you want to help pick from the four finalists for season 13 (Zone, Vernon Subutex, Ada, or Ardor, Baron Wenckheim’s Homecoming), fill out . Thanks in advance!

If you’d prefer to watch the conversation, you can find it on along with . Next week we’ll discuss part four, 糖心传媒淔inale糖心传媒� (pgs 162-End) with Carmen Boullosa herself. You can watch it live next .

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Be sure to order Brian’s book, , which is now officially available at better bookstores everywhere thanks to BOA Editions.

You can also support this podcast and听all听of Open Letter’s activities by making a tax-deductible donation through the .

This week’s Anna song is “” by Sunset Rubdown.

And again, if you want to help pick from the four finalists for season 13 (Zone, Vernon Subutex, Ada, or Ardor, Baron Wenckheim’s Homecoming), fill out . Thanks in advance!

If you’d prefer to watch the conversation, you can find it on along with . Next week we’ll discuss part four, 糖心传媒淭he Book of Anna糖心传媒� (pgs 127-161). You can watch it live next .

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Be sure to order Brian’s book, , which is now officially available at better bookstores everywhere thanks to BOA Editions.

You can also support this podcast and听all听of Open Letter’s activities by making a tax-deductible donation through the .

The associated with this post is copyrighted by .

This week’s Anna song is “” by Counting Crows.

If you’d prefer to watch the conversation, you can find it on along with . Next week we’ll discuss part three, 糖心传媒淜arenina’s Portrait糖心传媒� (pgs 99-126). You can watch it live next .

Follow and for random thoughts and information about upcoming guests.

Be sure to order Brian’s book, , which is now officially available at better bookstores everywhere thanks to BOA Editions.

You can also support this podcast and听all听of Open Letter’s activities by making a tax-deductible donation through the .

The associated with this post is copyrighted by .

This week’s Anna song is “” by Will Butler. (The video for which stars Emma Stone.)

If you’d prefer to watch the conversation, you can find it on along with . Next week we’ll discuss part two, 糖心传媒淏loody Sunday糖心传媒� (pgs 74-98). You can watch it live next .

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Be sure to order Brian’s book, , which is now officially available at better bookstores everywhere thanks to BOA Editions.

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by Ver贸nica Gerber Bicecci, translated from the Spanish by Christina MacSweeney (Coffee House)

Although five books is most definitely a small sample size of throwaway proportions, out of the books that I糖心传媒檝e written about for this weekly 糖心传媒渃olumn,糖心传媒� Empty Set by Ver贸nica Gerber Bicecci and translated from the Spanish by Christina MacSweeney is my favorite. I don糖心传媒檛 know where it will stack up by the end of the year糖心传媒攖here are a number of titles coming out this summer that I糖心传媒檓 looking forward to, and as a gesture toward impartiality, I糖心传媒檒l should really leave Fox, The Bottom of the Sky, The Endless Summer, and other Open Letter titles out of these evaluations糖心传媒攂ut for now I糖心传媒檇 put it ahead of The Perfect Nanny, In Black and White, Frankenstein in Baghdad, and Theory of Shadows. (And that is how I would rank them, one to five.)

As you can probably predict, I糖心传媒檓 not going to write a full, well thought out review for this book. If that糖心传媒檚 what you want, I糖心传媒檇 highly recommend checking out Lisa Fetchko糖心传媒檚 review over at the She breaks the book down really well, and even gets into a particular translation issue about the use of _ in place of _Yo(Y), which is also discussed in an afterword that will be of particular interest to translators or those interested in the translation糖心传媒攐r editing of translations糖心传媒攑rocess.

I糖心传媒檓 going to use this book as an opportunity to write about something entirely different, but before I do that, I have two or three quick points.

1) I like the use of the charts in this book. I糖心传媒檒l come back to this in a few different ways down below, but drawings such as this one糖心传媒攚hich is preceded by, 糖心传媒淗ere糖心传媒檚 where this story ends,糖心传媒� a statement that means more once you have reached the end糖心传媒攊s what makes this book unique.

And obviously, all the Venn Diagram charts are why I initially chose to read this book. Who doesn糖心传媒檛 like a Venn Diagram?! This is one statement about math and statistics that everyone can agree on.

2) In a way, this is The Perfect Nanny for an entirely different set of readers. Written to be a blockbuster, The Perfect Nanny includes a lot of techniques and tropes and literary moments designed to make a certain set of readers feel comfortably stimulated. The set of readers (R-1) who prefer linear plots, heavy character development, detailed settings, psychological tension.

Empty Set generates an equal amount of reading comfort in a different set of readers (R-2) who feel more at ease in a text of evocative fragments, acrostics, plots like puzzles, and characters whom you don糖心传媒檛 feel obligated to relate to.

For both R-1 and R-2 these books are equally successful in their approaches. And R-1 probably doesn糖心传媒檛 care for Empty Set (糖心传媒渢oo confusing!糖心传媒� 糖心传媒淚 couldn糖心传媒檛 relate to anyone!糖心传媒�), and vice-versa (糖心传媒淚糖心传媒檇 rather see the movie糖心传媒�).

You could, I don糖心传媒檛 know, draw a Venn Diagram of these two subsets of readers . . .

3) Not to take anything away from this novel, but wow have January and February been slow months for international literature. There doesn糖心传媒檛 seem to have been anything buzzing on Book Twitter or Book Marks or in the blogosphere (doesn糖心传媒檛 anyone say that anymore?) or at Winter Institute. I糖心传媒檝e written about the drop in translations both of the past two months, but that was just focused on pure numbers, not quality or sales or impact or anything else. But looking back at what I have read, and forward to what糖心传媒檚 on my docket, it feels like pretty quiet year so far.

Although I糖心传媒檓 personally hoping this review of Madame Nielsen糖心传媒檚 The Endless Summer changes that, this still feels a lot like the current situation in Major League Baseball糖心传媒攖he slowest in all of history糖心传媒攊n which no free agents are being signed and nothing at all is happening. There are so many interesting explanations for this situation in which several of the game糖心传媒檚 best players are currently unemployed: it could be collusion, it could be that clubs have more advanced understanding of the value available in the free agent market, it could be due to the fact that 1/3 of the teams are tanking in 2018 and another 1/2 aren糖心传媒檛 really in a position to do anything but tread water, it could be because of the new collective bargaining agreement and traditional big spenders (LA Dodgers, NY Yankees) trying to reset their competitive balance assessments by getting under the spending threshold for one year, or it could have God bless Scott Boras!¹

Anyway, this combination of thinking about baseball (how to best build a team, player valuations, etc.) + reading a novel centered around set theory² + a stray comment I made in an earlier post 糖心传媒�> an idea to try and create some core concepts for a sabermetric approach to the book industry.

This is an obvious building block. People usually value books based on how many copies they sold. 糖心传媒淲e sold 10,000 copies!糖心传媒� Or, 糖心传媒淚t was a best-seller in Mexico!糖心传媒�

(Not to be confused with 糖心传媒淧rint Run(PR),糖心传媒� which is a number based in hope that signifies nothing more than the publisher糖心传媒檚 wish to sneakily manipulate the bookseller market. Print Run(PR) is equivalent to Scott Boras糖心传媒檚 bullshit stats packages for players like Eric Hosmer who are hoping to receive contracts that are far larger than the value they糖心传媒檒l generate for their team. Print Runs(PR) are generally lies.)

Are sales really all that useful of a statistic though?

First off, the latter statement up there糖心传媒攔epeated way too frequently in meetings with foreign agents糖心传媒攊s crap. It糖心传媒檚 descriptive, not objective, and lacks any and all context. How many books did this title beat out to become a best-seller? For how long was it a best-seller? How predictive is the Mexican best-seller list for a book entering other markets? Are the coefficients mapping it onto the French and U.S. markets radically different?

Another criticism: Sales in a vacuum takes into account none of the expenses involved with generating those sales. A book with a million dollar marketing budget that sells 100,000 copies is vastly different from a book that sells 100,000 based on a viral video that cost $.49 to make.

It also doesn糖心传媒檛 take into account the list price of the book itself. It糖心传媒檚 obviously way easier to sell 10,000 ebooks at $.99 than 10,000 hardcovers of a scholarly investigation into the sexual life of mollusks that lists for $149.

Sales is like batting average. A nice metric the average citizen can understand, but really not all that valuable.

Actually, that糖心传媒檚 kind of a lie. Batting Average has values that most people can recognize as 糖心传媒済ood,糖心传媒� (.280) 糖心传媒渁mazing,糖心传媒� (.320) and 糖心传媒渉all of fame.糖心传媒� (.340+). What are the equivalents for books? If I tell the people sitting next to me at the bar that we sold 3,000 copies of a book, will they think that糖心传媒檚 great? Or pathetic? Without a commonly accepted baseline糖心传媒攁mong the larger audience, not just book nerds糖心传媒攖his doesn糖心传媒檛 mean a whole lot.

And it doesn糖心传媒檛 take into account the idea that a book is more than its purchases. Thought experiment: Which is better? A book that sells 10,000 copies, 2,000 of which are read, with 10 readers capable of recalling the book one year later, or a book that sells 1,500 copies, 1,000 of which are read, with 200 readers taking this to the grave? (A: If you糖心传媒檙e Big Five it糖心传媒檚 the former, if you糖心传媒檙e nonprofit the latter. There is no unified theory of sales.)

(Sales(S) x List Price(P)) x Readership庐 糖心传媒� Fixed Operating Expenses(FOE) 糖心传媒� Printing(PR) 糖心传媒� Author Payment(AP) 糖心传媒� Translator Payment(TP) 糖心传媒� Marketing Costs(MC) = True Profit(RP)

OK, so this is two steps in one: I糖心传媒檝e added in all the variables mentioned above (costs, list price), but then thrown in the idea of 糖心传媒淩eadership庐糖心传媒� to try and point at the fact that overall impact of a single printed book isn糖心传媒檛 a one-to-one ratio with copies sold. On the most basic level, there are used copies. How many students a year buy used copies of The Great Gatsby for class? Or check it out from a library? A book糖心传媒檚 true value, or 糖心传媒淧rofit糖心传媒� (capitalist term, I know), is always and forever greater than the number of printed copies.

We糖心传媒檙e still missing a few things though: What about people who know about a book, yet don糖心传媒檛 buy it? And what about the longevity of readership? It糖心传媒檚 one thing to read Gone Girl and then keep on living, another to read Ulysses and have your life perspective changed. That Cultural Value(CV) isn糖心传媒檛 captured here, and I糖心传媒檓 not sure it ever can be quantified in this way. So let糖心传媒檚 change tactics a bit.

((Expected Sales(ES) x List Price (P)) 糖心传媒� ((Publishing Interest(PI) + Agent Status(AS)) 糖心传媒� Total Expenses(TE))) ) = Cash Profit(CP) + Cultural Capital(CC)

If we really want to create a sabermetric approach to books, we have to look for exploitable inefficiencies in the marketplace. And my first inclination is that these inefficiencies come in two flavors: leveraging reputations against author advances and finding a way to decrease artist payments.

That糖心传媒檚 not quite right though. Let me back up a bit and math this out.

In the early 2000s, there were no translations³ and there was a major gap between the best /most expensive translators (Margaret Jull Costa, Edith Grossman, Richard Howard, Gregory Rabassa) and everyone else. Without a middle class糖心传媒攁nd without competition糖心传媒攃ertain publishers saw an exploitable inefficiency. How much can you make when you pay $1,000 as an author advance, $1,000 to a grad student translator (糖心传媒淗ey, yo, we糖心传媒檙e gonna like, launch your career!糖心传媒�), and can get $3,000+ from foreign agencies desperate for American publishers to acknowledge that their literature even existed? In that situation, you can flip 2,500 sales into a decent amount of money. That is the dirty truth of translation publishing in the early part of this century.

Then things changed! International lit got more popular. Translators got organized. Now, the idea of going overseas to find the best books that no one knows or cares about is complicated by the two dozen new presses trying to beat you there, and the combination of ethical obligations in relation to translator payments and agent involvement in raising author advances (good in the short term, maybe, and probably not in the long term, but that糖心传媒檚 its own metric), raised Total Expenses(TE) in an astronomical fashion. As well as altering the Agent Status(AS) (糖心传媒淚 have the next Ferrante on my list . . . 糖心传媒�) and the Publishing Interest(PI) (糖心传媒淲e糖心传媒檙e starting a new press and want in on the hot trends, so which book is the one that糖心传媒檚 going to get us critical attention AND be most readable by the (R1) readers of The Perfect Nanny?糖心传媒�). Increase the second half of the equation above while not changing the overall sales, and you糖心传媒檙e going to kill your margins.

That doesn糖心传媒檛 mean that publishers will stop pursuing books that are unlikely to earn back expenses. Look at Penguin paying a million dollars for a Knausgaard novel. There糖心传媒檚 basically no way that he糖心传媒檒l earn that back in straight sales. Same with Knopf and Javier Mar铆as. PRH can definitely expand the audiences for these authors, but there糖心传媒檚 a ceiling. Even knowing that, they糖心传媒檙e willing to go ahead because there糖心传媒檚 a value just to having these names on your list. Reputation, cultural capital, whatever you want to call it, it糖心传媒檚 part of this equation as well.

Expected Sales(ES) = Author Fans(AF) x Purchasing Coefficient(PC)

If someone were able to come up with an algorithm that was even 90% accurate in predicting sales, they would be in a position to basically print money. Long time readers糖心传媒攐r anyone involved in the book word糖心传媒攌now that publishers don糖心传媒檛 really do any market research. Unlike movies, there is no pre-release tracking figures for blockbuster titles. Sure, you can 糖心传媒渉ave a pretty good sense糖心传媒� about how well a book is or isn糖心传媒檛 going to sell, but outside of Harry Potter, James Patterson, and a handful of other brands, the error bars on predicted sales are really wide.

Past performance by the author and publisher are major indicators of how a particular title will sell, so maybe this is something that could be calculated . . . Throw in a few sensible metrics about the author糖心传媒擳witter Followers(TF), Reviewing Connections(RC), etc.糖心传媒攁long with some sort of figures about the publisher糖心传媒擲ales Reps(REP), Average Reach(REA), Influencer Access(IA), etc.糖心传媒攁nd maybe you can come up with some sort of prediction.

(Pace of Reading(PAC) x Length(LEN)) x (Character Connections(CC) x Plot Points(PP)) x Buzz(BUZZ) = Reading Desirability(DES)

Amazon糖心传媒檚 metrics about how fast people read various books, where they tend to stop, which titles are most/least likely to be read in their entirety, etc., totally freak literary people out. There are a ton of Silicon Valley people who would love to create a program that would use some complex algorithm to churn out best-selling book after best-selling book without any author糖心传媒檚 involvement whatsoever. They would flood the market with exactly what most people want, all more or less for free, and utilizing some sort of textual analysis that combines all the typical plot elements of popular books (hero糖心传媒檚 quest, typical plot structure of rising action, climax, denouement) with other quantifiable elements (language level, sentence and chapter length, number of chapters) that have been found to keep readers engaged and flipping pages.

Take all that, mix in some BUZZ (readers want to feel like they have to read a book so as to not be left out) and you can figure out how likely a book is to appeal to a wide audience.

Turnover(TO) x Cash Profit(CP) x Hipster Quotient(HQ) = Indie Stock(IND)

Bookstores actually have the ability to come up with a ton of different measurements, depending on what they want to track or evaluate. Sales per linear foot in given sections. How fast different subjects turn over. Average amount spent by a customer. Frequency of returning customers. There糖心传媒檚 tons of data sitting right there that could be analyzed in a totally straightforward fashion.

But indie stores aren糖心传媒檛 necessarily about efficiency in the way Barnes & Noble or Amazon would like to be. Part of their reason for being is tied to having the books that you don糖心传媒檛 always find at the big box stores, at pushing a sort of aesthetic agenda that sets them apart. If, as a store owner, you could always know which books will both increase your coolness factor with your clientele and sell with the necessary velocity to keep you paying your rent, you糖心传媒檇 be in the best spot possible. This might seem intuitive, but I think it can be a bit more complicated depending on how you value your reputation. For example, you may not want to carry Fifty Shades of Gray because you have standards, but that means you糖心传媒檙e leaving a lot of money on the table. And carrying too many different titles that sell one time a year, yet make you seem like the smartest bookstore around, is a recipe for closure. Figuring out that balance糖心传媒攁nd which books maximize Cash Profit(CP) and Reputation(REP)糖心传媒攚ould be ideal.

Besides, a lot of this calculus is already done on a daily basis by most everyone. Even though it糖心传媒檚 not quantified in a sortable, sharable way, people are constantly making these sorts of decisions. They may not think about them quite as honestly as they should though, and maybe something like a set of publishing sabermetric ideas could help publishers and stores be all that they could be. It糖心传媒檚 fun to come up with various calculations, mostly because it makes you think about what you糖心传媒檙e actually trying to measure, and why the measurements you might already have fall short. It can help define your mission, and by working in various intangible benefits, you can better justify various investments or decisions.

¹ For anyone not willing to click through (and good on you!), here糖心传媒檚 the amazing quote from super-agent Scott Boras:

The off-season is like the America糖心传媒檚 Cup. We have 30 boats in the water. They take off and eventually they get to the free-agent docks. Normally, there are trade winds, and there are economic investments in the capacity of the boat, which allow those boats to get to the appropriate free-agent docks.

This year, there was a detour to Japan, where there was a $250 million asset available for $3 million (Ohtani). All boats went to Japan. Then they sailed back a good distance. They came to Florida and found a sinking ship and all of its cargo was in the water (Dee Gordon, Giancarlo Stanton, Marcell Ozuna, Christian Yelich). All teams tried to load it on their boats.

That took additional time. Then, as they moved forward to the free-agent docks, they found other ships dumping cargo糖心传媒擯ittsburgh and Tampa Bay and a few others糖心传媒攚hich then slowed their arrivals to the free-agent docks. So, trade winds, Japan, shipwreck in Florida, more cargo-spewing, all those things artificially delayed the arrivals to the free-agent docks.

Sorry, I have no idea糖心传媒攂ut I love it! More literary agents need to go off the rails when making random comments about the books they糖心传媒檙e trying to auction. That would liven up book journalism!

² Representative bit from Bicecci and MacSweeney糖心传媒檚 Empty Set:

There isn糖心传媒檛 much documented evidence of this, but during the military dictatorship in Argentina, teaching basic set theory was prohibited in schools. We know, for example, that a tomato belongs to the tomato(TO) set and not to onion(ON) or chilies(CH) or coriander(CO). Where糖心传媒檚 the threat in reasoning like that? In set theory, tomatoes, onions, and chilies might realize they are different foodstuffs, but also that they have things in common, like the fact that they can all belong to the fresh hot salsa(FHS) set and, at the same time, to the Universe(U) of cultivated plants(CP), and might perhaps unite against some other set or Universe(U); for example, that of canned hot salsa(CAHS). In short, a community of vegetables. Venn diagrams are tools of the logic of sets. And from the perspective of sets, dictatorship makes no sense, because its aim is, for the most part, dispersal: separation, scattering, disunity, disappearance.

³ My sabermetric principles apply to BOOKS in general, not just translations, but I want to focus on exploiting this market since it might explain what糖心传媒檚 going on in 2018 with the weird decrease in translation publications.

Although! Let me promise the four of you reading this that next month I糖心传媒檒l run some three- and five-year rolling average stats to avoid comparing 2018 to the Best Year Ever. I糖心传媒檝e been statistically irresponsible and I know it. Sorry.

The entry below is by George Henson, a translator of contemporary Latin American and Spanish prose, contributing editor for World Literature Today and Latin American Literature Today, and a lecturer at the University of Oklahoma.

by Daniel Salda帽a Par铆s, translated from the Spanish by Christina MacSweeney (Mexico, Coffee House Press)

Chad糖心传媒檚 Uneducated and Unscientific Percentage Chance of Making the Shortlist: 72%

Chad糖心传媒檚 Uneducated and Unscientific Percentage Chance of Winning the BTBA: 16%

Nature, it is said, abhors a vacuum, as does publishing. The death of Roberto Bola帽o, Latin America糖心传媒檚 enfant terrible left such a vacuum.

Every agent, publisher, reviewer, bookseller, and even reader, has been searching far and wide, high and low, in every nook and cranny of Latin America for the next Bola帽o, a new literary wunderkind that will fill the void created by Bola帽o糖心传媒檚 untimely death. In fact, the search for the next Bola帽o has been a boon, providing American publishers, literary translators, booksellers, and readers a new crop of fresh, talented Latin American writers: Valeria Luiselli, Yuri Herrera, Alejandro Zambra, Samanta Schweblin, and Daniel Salda帽a Par铆s, to name but a few.

Among the names that emerged as possible heirs to the Bola帽o phenomenon is that of Andr茅s Neuman, whom Bola帽o himself seemed to have anointed when he wrote that 糖心传媒渢he literature of the twenty-first century will belong to Neuman and a few of his blood brothers.糖心传媒� Then came the Hay Festival糖心传媒檚 Bogot谩 39 and Granta糖心传媒檚 The Best of Young Spanish-Language Novelists, a list糖心传媒攊n book format糖心传媒攚hittled down from 39 to 22.

It is worth noting that none of the names that appear on these lists appears on this year糖心传媒檚 BTBA long list. To be fair, some were nominated, while others made the long list in years past. But, still, their absence from this year糖心传媒檚 long list is telling. To borrow a Spanish idiom, 糖心传媒�Brillan por su ausencia糖心传媒� [They shine by their absence]; in English, 糖心传媒淭hey糖心传媒檙e conspicuous by their absence.糖心传媒�

If such a list existed today, there is little doubt that the author of En medio de extra帽as v铆ctimas would make the cut. Just as there is no doubt that Coffee House Press, publisher of Among Strange Victims, the English translation, has attempted to anoint Salda帽a as Bola帽o糖心传媒檚 heir apparent. Witness the novel糖心传媒檚 logline: 糖心传媒�Slackers meets Savage Detectives in this polyphonic ode to the pleasures of not measuring up.糖心传媒�

The novel糖心传媒檚 title is taken from the epigraph糖心传媒斕切拇綔On park benches, among strange victims, the poet and amputees come sit together,糖心传媒澨切拇綌written by Arthur Cravan, the Swiss poet, pugilist and avant-gardist whose bohemian life糖心传媒攁nd a series of forged passports糖心传媒攖ook him from Switzerland to France to Spain to the United States and eventually to Mexico, where he died under strange circumstances in Mexico.

The novel revolves around Rodrigo, a young functionary, a 糖心传媒渒nowledge administrator,糖心传媒� a title he has invented for himself, who works in a museum, a slacker to borrow from Coffee House糖心传媒檚 tagline, who糖心传媒檚 content to go through life without making any decisions. Or what there is of his life.

My life is a repetition of one Saturday after another. What糖心传媒檚 in between deserves another name. Sundays don糖心传媒檛 count: they consist糖心传媒擨糖心传媒檓 exaggerating here糖心传媒攐f twenty-four wasted hours of which I will remember nothing the following day, and that following day, Monday, marks the beginning of the reign of inertia, whose only function is to carry me along smoothly, as if floating on a cloud of certainties, to the next Saturday. What糖心传媒檚 more, on Saturday糖心传媒檚 I masturbate twice.

To move the plot, Salda帽a employs a common novelistic trope, mistaken identity, in which Cecilia, the museum director糖心传媒檚 secretary, slips our young slacker a note saying, 糖心传媒淚 accept.糖心传媒� Thereafter, we learn that someone posing as our young protagonist proposed to Cecilia. To build a twenty-first-century novel around such a clich茅d trope could have easily derailed, careening into pratfalls and platitudes. Salda帽a, however, is too good a writer. That is not to say that there is not a thread of humor in this novel. Writing in Factor cr铆tico, Goio Borge describes the humor this way:

[Salda帽a糖心传媒檚] tools are a brilliant syntax, the ability to achieve recurring images of great force, a set of relationships among plot elements that go beyond a merely forced structured, and humor, a corrosive humor that never gives way to belly laughs, but continues to show itself in every phrase in the book, charged with a sardonic irony that offers readers no respite[.]

In 2015, I had the pleasure of translating an essay written by Daniel for Literary Hub, titled 糖心传媒淪ergio Pitol: Mexico糖心传媒檚 Total Writer,糖心传媒� to coincide with the publication of my translation of Pitol糖心传媒檚 The Art of Flight. I say pleasure because Salda帽a糖心传媒檚 admiration for Pitol is equal to my own and because his prose was truly a joy to translate. Clean. Measured. Unsuperfluous. But also, because there is something uncannily Pitolean about this novel. And that is a very good thing.

Salda帽a糖心传媒檚 translator, Christina MacSweeney, is no stranger to BTBA readers. Her translations of Valeria Luiselli糖心传媒檚 Faces in the Crowd and The Story of My Teeth were finalists in 2015 and 2016, respectively. In an interview with Words Without Borders, MacSweeney was asked about being a British translator (MacSweeney received an MA in translation from the University of East Anglia) who translates Latin American Spanish into American English. Her answer:

With Among Strange Victims, I started the process in British English and then, when Coffee House Press decided to publish it, I had to rethink certain passages. I remember that the expletive 糖心传媒渂loody糖心传媒� (my translation of pinche) was considered too British when it came to editing, and there was a suggestion of replacing it with 糖心传媒渄amn.糖心传媒� But the problem was, I糖心传媒檇 already used 糖心传媒渄amn糖心传媒� in other contexts, and wanted something more specific for that very Mexican term. Anyway, after a great deal of thought, I decided on 糖心传媒渇rigging,糖心传媒� which seems to fit neatly between the two cultures: Daniel liked it too.

At first read, MacSweeney糖心传媒檚 rendering for pinche seems off. Admittedly, the thought that pinche might have been rendered as 糖心传媒渂loody糖心传媒� was even more jarring. As a frequent translator of Mexican writers, I糖心传媒檓 often called on to translate pinche. After further consideration, I decided I liked MacSweeney糖心传媒檚 choice. There糖心传媒檚 something refreshing about it. As all translators know, expletives and swear words present all kinds of challenges, having to do with many factors, dialect, geography, generation, context, tone, register, etc., not to mention pinche is multivalent. It can be used to express something that is negligible, defective, of poor quality, having little or no value, austere, and even unusually big. It can be used to express contempt, scorn, mockery, and even pity.

In the end, I like translators who teach me something about translation, who give me new solutions to old problems. MacSweeney is one of those translators. Her translation of Among Strange Victims is clean, measured, unsuperfluous, just as is Salda帽a糖心传媒檚 prose. Consider the following fragment:

The small office he had been designed was, indeed, full of pigeons. The birds lived in four cages piled one on top of the other, blocking the only external window. Vel谩squez explained that the office had belonged to an agronomist who, one fine day, had declared himself to be ill and never returned. His student had received the news with complete indifference, and no one had made any effort to discover his whereabouts. After a few months he had been dismissed, and the caretaker confessed that the agronomist had left him in charge of a number of pigeons.

MacSweeney糖心传媒檚 translation achieves everything a translation should. And there糖心传媒檚 something remarkable in that. Prize-worthy, in fact.

by Valeria Luiselli, translated from the Spanish by Christina MacSweeney (Mexico, Coffee House Press)

Valeria Luiselli糖心传媒檚 The Story of My Teeth, translated by Christina MacSweeney, is the most inventive and invigorating book I have read this year and it the most deserving of the Best Translated Book Award. The Story of My Teeth is about stories and storytelling, about art and how we value objects, about influence, and about teeth. It manages to be intelligent and experimental without an ounce of pretension (something I could not say for some of the other books on the longlist). In her afterword, Luiselli describes the book as a 糖心传媒渃ollective 糖心传媒榥ovel-essay糖心传媒� about the production of value and meaning in contemporary art and literature.糖心传媒�

Our narrator is the self-proclaimed 糖心传媒渂est auctioneer in the world,糖心传媒� Gustav S谩nchez S谩nchez, known as 糖心传媒淗ighway.糖心传媒� Highway is 糖心传媒渁 lover and collector of good stories, which is the only honest way of modifying the value of an object.糖心传媒� One of the most delightful sections is 糖心传媒淭he Hyperbolics,糖心传媒� in which Highway auctions off his own teeth, which he had removed in order to make room for Marilyn Monroe糖心传媒檚 (well, allegedly Marilyn Monroe糖心传媒檚), spinning yarns about his teeth糖心传媒檚 origins in the jaws of Plutarch, Virginia Woolf, G. K. Chesterton, and more of his philosophical heroes. He is demonstrating, he explains, that objects themselves have no value, but that we give them value and meaning through stories.

The book is about storytelling, yes, and another way to describe 糖心传媒渟torytelling糖心传媒� could be 糖心传媒渕aking things up,糖心传媒� or 糖心传媒渓ying.糖心传媒� Highway is an unreliable narrator, sure, and in fact we meet a second narrator, Jacobo Voraigne, a little more than midway through the story, but Highway糖心传媒檚 unshakeable confidence in himself and his style are irresistible. As we learn later from Voraigne, Highway is a self-made and self-mythologized man, a man who has written his own story.

The book is just the right amount of odd, making it playful where a lesser writer would be in danger of falling into pretentiousness or tweeness. Highway learns auctioneering from a Japanese man, 糖心传媒淢aster Oklahoma,糖心传媒� in Mexico City and furthers his studies in Missouri. He builds a huge house and a warehouse for all of his objects bought at auction on Calle Disneylandia. He buys Marilyn Monroe糖心传媒檚 teeth and has them put into his own mouth. There is a truly disturbing scene that will haunt me forever involving clowns. Luiselli provides lanterns to the larger project at play. There is a lot of name-checking: Highway mentioned uncles including Juan S谩nchez Baudrillard, Miguel S谩nchez Foucault, Marcelo S谩nchez Proust, Roberto S谩nchez Walser, and Fredo S谩nchez Dostoyevsky. Most of the seemingly strangest parts of the book are the parts that are real places (the Missouri Auction School, Calle Disneylandia, an art gallery attached to and funded by a juice factory) or people (El Perro) or events (the clowns are a real art installation, at the Jumex Gallery). Luiselli糖心传媒檚 is an intelligent humor, but is actually smart and actually funny.

Although I would argue that the novel alone, outside of the origin story, is worthy of the prize, in fact, the collaboration throughout this book is, if anything, the clincher. The award is not the 糖心传媒淏est Novel Originally Written in a Foreign Language,糖心传媒� or even 糖心传媒淏est Novel.糖心传媒� It is specifically 糖心传媒淏est Translated Book Award,糖心传媒� and both the author and the translator are recognized. I think that the final of the book糖心传媒檚 seven sections, 糖心传媒淭he Chronologic,糖心传媒� (and the Afterword, in fact) is one of the strongest arguments for why it should win this award and not, as some would posit, a strike against the novel. The Chronologic was written by the translator, Christina MacSweeney, and is a narrative timeline of Highway糖心传媒檚 (fictional) life alongside events directly relating to the people and places in the novel: the death of Foucault, the beginning of work on Mexico糖心传媒檚 first Volkswagen plant, the birth of Doug Aitken. It糖心传媒檚 an amazing footnote to this strange story and highlights the close work between Luiselli and MacSweeney. In the Afterword, Luiselli says that she prefers to think of the translations of her books as 糖心传媒渧ersions,糖心传媒� as she is so involved in their journey into English and often much changes in the the process. This book in particular, written as a commission by the Jumex gallery and then in direct collaboration with the workers at the factory that funds the gallery, is so highly and intentionally participatory and open that it strikes at the very heart of translation.

The Story of My Teeth is a book about truth and fiction, a question I think is central to reading translated work. How does the reader know this is 糖心传媒渢rue糖心传媒�? Can a translation ever be 糖心传媒渢rue糖心传媒�? How do we know what was meant by the author? Who is telling the story? The novel is in many ways directly tied to the dilemma of translation itself, making it the perfect winner of the Best Translated Book Award.

End of argument.

To celebrate Chris Fischbach’s 20th year at CHP (20 years!), the board of directors is making a special $20,000 match for year-end donations. This is a significant gift, and one that Coffee House definitely deserves. So and help them reach their goal!

I’m sure everyone reading this is aware of Coffee House (or at least Valeria Luiselli), but here’s a bit of a run down from their donation page:

Coffee House Press began as a small letterpress operation in 1972 and has grown into an internationally renowned nonprofit publisher of literary fiction, essay, poetry, and other work that doesn糖心传媒檛 fit neatly into genre categories.

Through our Books in Action program and publications, we糖心传媒檝e become interdisciplinary collaborators and incubators for new work and audience experiences. Our vision for the future is one in which a publisher is a catalyst and connector.

Adventurous readers, arts enthusiasts, community builders, and risk takers糖心传媒攋oin us by making a tax-deductible donation today!

I love all the people at CHP and hope that all of you will go over and support them as well!

And while you’re there, check out their 2016 catalog. New Rikki Ducornet, new Cynan Jones, Daniel Salda帽a Paris’s first novel to appear in English, a book on pretentiousness . . . Lot of great books to look forward to!